Enzymes offer the Pulp and Paper Industry new and emerging technologies to modify cellulose fibers in order to optimize the bleaching, refining, de-inking and waste water processes. For example, cellulases can be used in deinking process to reduce or completely replace use of hazardous chemicals like hydrogen peroxide and silicate. And, xylanases can be used to reduce the amount of bleaching chemicals such as chlorine and chlorine dioxide, giving corresponding reductions in the amounts of chlorate and chlorinated organic compounds in the effluent. Enzymes are also available for refining, sticky removal and decolorisation of liquor.

Conventional Making of Pulp and Paper
The first stage in paper making is converting wood fibre into pulp suspension, which is produced using either a mechanical or chemical process. Mechanical pulping is a process in which fibres are separated mechanically with the input of large amounts of energy. Mechanical pulps contain all the wood components, including lignin. Although they are cheap to produce, they have the drawback of becoming darker when exposed to sunlight. They are therefore used mainly in the manufacture of newsprint and magazine paper.